neoFroxx® Hydrochloric Acid 10% for analysis, CAS: 7647-01-0

Sold as muriatic acid for a variety of household and construction purposes, e.g., scale remover; used to clean, pickle, and electroplate metal; also used in oil well activation, ore reduction, leather tanning, swimming pool cleaning, and refining of edible oils; [ACGIH] Used as a wet etchant in semiconductor manufacturing at a standard concentration of 36%; [CSH, p. 46]

ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.

Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

The biological activity of hydrogen chloride is associated with its high solubility in water i.e., 23 moles/L at 0 °C. The hydrogen chloride in water dissociates almost completely, with the hydrogen ion captured by the water molecules to form the hydronium ion. The hydronium ion becomes a donor of a proton that possesses catalytic properties and thus is capable of reacting with organic molecules. This may explain the ability of hydrogen chloride to induce cellular injury and necrosis.

WHO/International Programme on Chemical Safety; Environmental Health Criteria 21, Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride (1982). Available from, as of February 24, 2015: https://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)